?????? ?????

百度在工矿仓储用地供应方面，以支持天津市工业企业产业转型升级，提高土地资源的产出效能为出发点，确定了今年的供应计划指标为1150公顷。

?????? ????? (???????: Natural rubber) ?? ?????? ???? (???????: India rubber) ?? ?????? (???????: caoutchouc) ??? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ????? ??????. ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???. ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???. ^[?]

????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ??????????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???????. ??????? ????? ? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????. ????? ??? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????????? ????????? ???????.

?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????????? ????? ? ????? ????? ??????? ??????.^[?]

?????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ? ????? ?????? ???? ? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????. ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ? ????????? ??? ??????. ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???. ??? ???????? ????????? ? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????. ???????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ? ???? ????? ??????? ??????. ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????.^[?] ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????.^[?]

???????

????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ????????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ??. ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ????????. ????? ?????? ???? ????????? ???? ? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ????. ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????????.^[?]^[?]

???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ????????? ???? ?????? ????? ???.^[?] ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? (?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??) ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????. ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???????.^[?] ?? ????????? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ? ?? ???? ???? ??? "Rubber"?? ????? "???? ?????" ?? ???? ?? ??????? ???. ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???. ?? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????????? ????? ???? ?????? ???. ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??????. ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ? ???? ???? ??????? ????????.^[?]^[?]

??????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???. ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???. ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ??? ? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ???. ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????. ??????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????? (????????)? ??? ???? ???? (???????)? ??????? ? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????. ????? ???? ??? ?????? (????? ????????????) ?? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ???.^[??]

?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????.^{^{[??????? ????]}} ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????. ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???. ??????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ??????????. ????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????. ???? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????.^{^{[??????? ????]}}

?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ???. ????? ????? ????? Hevea ?? Thattekadu ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??. ?? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????????? ????? ???? ? ????? ??????? ? ??????? ??? ????? ????. ??? ????? ????? ?????????? ???? ? ??????? ?????????? ???? ???? ???.^[??]

?? ??????? ? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??. ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ? ????? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ???.^[??] ?? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? "Mad Ridley" (?? ????? "?????? ?????") ??? ??????.^[??]

????

??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??????????. ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ???????? ??? (?????-???? ???). ????? ?????-???? (cross-linking) ???? ?????????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??????. ??????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ????? (????? ???? ????)? ?? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ? ???????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????. ?????? ??????????????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???????. ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?????. ?????? ?? ???????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???.^[?]

?????? ??????? ?????? (??? ????????) ?? ????? ??? ? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???. ??? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ???. ????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??????. ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????. ?? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???. ??????? ????? ? ???????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????.^[?]

??????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ??? ? ????? ????? ?????? ? ???? ???? ?????. ???? ????????? ???? ????? ??? ??: ???? ??????? ??? (??????? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ???)? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ? ???? ??????. ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??????????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ? ???? ?????. ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? (??? ???? ????????) ??????? ????. ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???????.^[?]

?????

?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ???. ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????.^[??]^[??]^[??] ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????. ?? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???????^[??]? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???????. ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ? ???? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????.

?? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????. ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???.^[??]

???????? ??????

?????? ??????

?????

↑ ^??? ^??? ^??? ^??? J. T. Black, Ronald A. Kohser (????). DeGarmo's Materials and Processes in Manufacturing (?????? ??). John Wiley & Sons. ??. ???. ???? ?-???-?????-?.
↑ ^??? ^??? "Natural Rubber Market Size, Share | 2022-2027 | Outlook Analysis". www.mordorintelligence.com (?? ???????). Retrieved 2025-08-14.
↑ Data, Reports and (2025-08-14). "Natural Rubber Market To Reach USD 33.87 Billion By 2027 | Reports and Data". GlobeNewswire News Room (?? ???????). Retrieved 2025-08-14.
↑ Emory Dean Keoke, Kay Marie Porterfield. 2009. Encyclopedia of American Indian Contributions to the World: 15,000 Years of Inventions and Innovations. Infobase Publishing
↑ Tully, John (2011). The Devil's Milk: A Social History of Rubber. NYU Press. ISBN 978-1-58367-260-0.
↑ "Charles Marie de la Condamine". bouncing-balls.com.
↑ "Charles Marie de la Condamine". bouncing-balls.com.
↑ Hosler, D.; Burkett, S.L.; Tarkanian, M.J. (1999). "Prehistoric polymers: Rubber processing in ancient Mesoamerica". Science. 284 (5422): 1988–1991. doi:10.1126/science.284.5422.1988. PMID 10373117.
↑ Slack, Charles (7 August 2002). Noble obsession: Charles Goodyear, Thomas Hancock, and the race to unlock the greatest industrial secret of the nineteenth century. Hyperion. ISBN 978-0-7868-6789-9.
↑ Jackson, Joe (2008). The Thief at the End of the World. Viking. ISBN 978-0-670-01853-6.
↑ "Natural rubber in India". Archived from the original on 1 October 2016.
↑ Cornelius-Takahama, Vernon (2001). "Sir Henry Nicholas Ridley". Singapore Infopedia. Archived from the original on 4 May 2013. Retrieved 9 February 2013.
↑ Leng, Dr Loh Wei; Keong, Khor Jin (19 September 2011). "Mad Ridley and the rubber boom". Malaysia History. Archived from the original on 27 July 2013. Retrieved 9 February 2013.
↑ "Overview of the Causes of Natural Rubber Price Volatility". En.wlxrubber.com. 1 ????? 2010. Archived from the original on 26 May 2013. Retrieved 21 March 2013.
↑ "Statistical Summary of World Rubber Situation" (PDF). International Rubber Study Group. December 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 February 2019. Retrieved 5 February 2019.
↑ Dr. Aye Aye Khin. "The Impact of the Changes of the World Crude Oil Prices on the Natural Rubber Industry in Malaysia". World Applied Sciences Journal.
↑ Listiyorini, Eko (2025-08-14). "Rubber Exports From Indonesia May Grow 6%–8% Next Year". bloomberg.com. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012. Retrieved 2025-08-14.
↑ Reports, Valuates. "Natural Rubber Market Size is Expected to Grow USD 27870 Million by 2026 | Valuates Reports". www.prnewswire.com (?? ???????). Retrieved 2025-08-14.

[:0-1] ??? ^??? ^??? ^??? J. T. Black, Ronald A. Kohser (????). DeGarmo's Materials and Processes in Manufacturing (?????? ??). John Wiley & Sons. ??. ???. ???? ?-???-?????-?.

[:1-2] ??? ^??? "Natural Rubber Market Size, Share | 2022-2027 | Outlook Analysis". www.mordorintelligence.com (?? ???????). Retrieved 2025-08-14.

[3] Data, Reports and (2025-08-14). "Natural Rubber Market To Reach USD 33.87 Billion By 2027 | Reports and Data". GlobeNewswire News Room (?? ???????). Retrieved 2025-08-14.

[4] Emory Dean Keoke, Kay Marie Porterfield. 2009. Encyclopedia of American Indian Contributions to the World: 15,000 Years of Inventions and Innovations. Infobase Publishing

[5] Tully, John (2011). The Devil's Milk: A Social History of Rubber. NYU Press. ISBN 978-1-58367-260-0.

[b-6] "Charles Marie de la Condamine". bouncing-balls.com.

[b2-7] "Charles Marie de la Condamine". bouncing-balls.com.

[8] Hosler, D.; Burkett, S.L.; Tarkanian, M.J. (1999). "Prehistoric polymers: Rubber processing in ancient Mesoamerica". Science. 284 (5422): 1988–1991. doi:10.1126/science.284.5422.1988. PMID 10373117.

[Slack20022-9] Slack, Charles (7 August 2002). Noble obsession: Charles Goodyear, Thomas Hancock, and the race to unlock the greatest industrial secret of the nineteenth century. Hyperion. ISBN 978-0-7868-6789-9.

[10] Jackson, Joe (2008). The Thief at the End of the World. Viking. ISBN 978-0-670-01853-6.

[11] "Natural rubber in India". Archived from the original on 1 October 2016.

[12] Cornelius-Takahama, Vernon (2001). "Sir Henry Nicholas Ridley". Singapore Infopedia. Archived from the original on 4 May 2013. Retrieved 9 February 2013.

[13] Leng, Dr Loh Wei; Keong, Khor Jin (19 September 2011). "Mad Ridley and the rubber boom". Malaysia History. Archived from the original on 27 July 2013. Retrieved 9 February 2013.

[14] "Overview of the Causes of Natural Rubber Price Volatility". En.wlxrubber.com. 1 ????? 2010. Archived from the original on 26 May 2013. Retrieved 21 March 2013.

[15] "Statistical Summary of World Rubber Situation" (PDF). International Rubber Study Group. December 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 February 2019. Retrieved 5 February 2019.

[16] Dr. Aye Aye Khin. "The Impact of the Changes of the World Crude Oil Prices on the Natural Rubber Industry in Malaysia". World Applied Sciences Journal.

[17] Listiyorini, Eko (2025-08-14). "Rubber Exports From Indonesia May Grow 6%–8% Next Year". bloomberg.com. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012. Retrieved 2025-08-14.

[18] Reports, Valuates. "Natural Rubber Market Size is Expected to Grow USD 27870 Million by 2026 | Valuates Reports". www.prnewswire.com (?? ???????). Retrieved 2025-08-14.

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